HIGHVOLT Calibration

    Glossary

    Metrology of high-voltage measurands

    Terms and symbols

    A B C

    • A
      Accreditation
      Third-party confirmation that formally sets out that a conformity assessment body has the competence to carry out certain conformity assessment tasks. DIN EN ISO/IEC 17011
      Accreditation body
      According to Regulation (EU) 765/2008, the accreditation system in Germany was changed on 1 January 2010. The German Accreditation Body (Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle GmbH) carries out the accreditations. DAkkS
      B
      Best measurement capability
      The smallest measurement uncertainty that can be stated is the measurement uncertainty stated in the attachment of the accreditation certificate; this can be certified by an accredited calibration laboratory in the calibration certificate if required. A calibration laboratory cannot certify a smaller measurement uncertainty than the measurement uncertainty certified as the smallest measurement uncertainty that can be stated for relevant measuring ranges and measurands.  
      BIPM
      Bureau international des poids et mesures
      International Bureau of Weights and Measures. The highest metrological institution worldwide; responsible for looking after the international standards of the SI system of units. For example, the JCGM working group is part of BIPM and manages the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) and the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM).      		 BIPM
           
      C
      Calibration
      Calibration is a process that is used to define metrological properties of a measuring system or measuring instrument. Firstly, the relationships between quantitative variables are established under defined conditions with a measurement uncertainty established via the reference standard.
      Secondly, rules are defined according to which the measurement results are obtained from the displayed values.      		 VIM
      Certificate
      A written document in paper or electronic form containing the results of a calibration.
      Coverage factor k
      Factor used to expand the confidence interval in order to ensure a normal distribution of the measured values. A coverage factor of k = 2 should generally be applied to calibration certificates. The value depends on the effective degrees of freedom of the measurement uncertainty calculation.  

    D E F

    • D
      DAkkS
      Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle GmbH
      This is the national accreditation body of Germany (German Accreditation Body, DAkkS). It acts in accordance with Regulation (EU) 765/2008 and the German Accreditation Body Act (Akkreditierungsstellengesetz, AkkStelleG) in the public interest as the sole service provider for accreditation in Germany.      		 DAkkS-Webpage
      Degree of freedom, effective
      The degree of freedom is calculated using the Welch-Satterthwaite equation. The coverage factor k is determined from the number of degrees of freedom.  
      DKD
      Deutscher Kalibrierdienst (German Calibration Service)
      Technical committee of calibration laboratories under the patronage of Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, PTB. The accreditation tasks in the field of metrology were transferred to DAkkS at the start of 2010.      		 DKD-Webpage
      E
      EA
      European co-operation for Accreditation
      European association of national accreditation authorities.      		 EA-Webpage
      Estimated value    
      An estimated value is the value of a measurand obtained via measurement with a real measuring instrument (subject to a measurement uncertainty due to losses, environmental influences, temperature etc.).  
      F
         

    G H I

    • G
      GUM
      Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
      full name of the document JCGM 100.      		 see JCGM 100
      H
         
         
      I
      I - electric current
      In the case of AC current, this is used to describe the RMS value (or effective value) of the current.  
      Î- Peak value of the measurand 'current'
      An important measurand particularly for impulse currents and AC current.  
      IAF
      International Accreditation Forum
      International association for the conformity of accreditation bodies; its task is to prepare the Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).      		 IAF-Webpage
      ILAC
      International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation
      International association of accreditation bodies for laboratories and inspection agencies      		 ILAC-Webpage
      ~ MRA
      Mutual Recognition Arrangement
      International mutual recognition arrangement between MRA signatories.      		 ILAC-Webpage
      ISO/IEC 17025
      General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories 
      Actually valid issue from 2005. General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories      		  

    J K L

    • J
      JCGM
      Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology
      A metrological organisation located within BIPM and responsible for publication of metrological documents, for example JCGM 100 and JCGM 200.      		 JCGM-Webpage
      JCGM 100
      Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
      Fundamental document on the calculation of measurement uncertainty.      		 JCGM-Webpage
      JCGM 100 S1
      Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, Supplement 1
      Supplement to the JCGM 100 document. The document provides practical examples that show measurement uncertainty is calculated during a measurement.      		 JCGM-Webpage
      JCGM 200
      International Vocabulary of Metrology
      The International Vocabulary of Metrology defines all of the technical terms used in metrology. The glossary is regularly updated and published. It is available in English and French and can either be downloaded as a PDF file or accessed in its online version via the website of the JCGM committee.      		 JCGM-Webpage
      K
      k-factor
      See 'coverage factor k'  
      L
         
         

    M N O

    • M
      Measurement uncertainty
      The measurement uncertainty (sometimes incorrectly referred to as the measuring error) of a measurement is an indicator of inadequacies in a measurement process. It expresses the extent to which a measured value differs from the true value.  
      ~, expanded
      The combined measurement uncertainty multiplied by the coverage factor k.  
      ~, combined
      The measurement uncertainty is calculated from individual measurement uncertainty contributions, which are combined using the error propagation law.  
      Measurement uncertainty contribution
      The magnitude of a measurand, measurement process, measurement condition etc. that contributes to the measurement uncertainty. The combined measurement uncertainty is calculated by adding the measurement uncertainty contributions in accordance with the error propagation law.  
      N
       
      O
      Office of weights and measures
      Official authority that performs official verification, which is a sovereign task of the state.  
      Official verification    
      Test to determine whether or not the measurement uncertainty of a measuring system is within the prescribed limits. Official verification is performed by Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, ( PTB), national offices of weights and measures or by state-certified examining bodies. Not to be confused with calibration.    

    P Q R S

    • P
      P - Active power
      The active power component of AC power is the real part of the complex apparent power S. This component of electric power describes the energy consumption and expresses itself in the form of mechanical work, heat or similar.    
      Performace check  
      A performance check is a form of control measurement, It is a simplified calibration that is used to verify the metrological properties of a measuring system or measuring instrument. These control measurements are referred to as a performance check in the relevant standards.  
      Performace test  
      See 'Calibration'  
      Q
      Q - Reactive power
      The reactive power of AC power is the imaginary part of the complex apparent power S and describes the energy required to generate an electric or magnetic field in an object (in a capacitor, motor etc.).    
      R
      Reference standard
      Physical embodiment of a physical measurand with a defined magnitude and measurement uncertainty, which acts as a reference.  
           
      S
      S - Apparent power    
      The apparent power of AC power is a quantity that is obtained by multiplying the AC current I that flows through an an object with the voltage drop U across the object. The apparent power is not the same as the consumption of the object. Apparent power is made up of effective power P and reactive power Q.    

    T U V

    • T
      Traceability
      The process of 'tracing back' is the performance of a comparison measurement between the object under calibration and the international reference standard. The comparison can be performed in two ways:
      -  directly, by performing a comparison measurement against the international reference standard; or
      -  indirectly via a transfer standard that has already been traced back . The transfer standard can, itself, be traced back directly or indirectly. The key factor in the process of tracing back is establishing an uninterrupted chain of traced-back comparison measurements between the object under calibration and the international reference standard.      		  
      True value    
      The physically correct value of a measurand that is measured in an ideal case.  
      U
      U - Electric voltage
      In the case of AC voltages, this describes the RMS (effective) value.  
      Û - Peak value of the measurand 'voltage'
      This is an important measurand, particularly for impulse voltages and AC voltages. The designations Up or Um are also used.  
      V
      VIM
      International Vocabulary of Metrology see JCGM 200. Webpage VIM  

    W X Y Z

    • W
      Welch–Satterthwaite equation
      Statistical equation for calculating the effective degrees of freedom of a measurement uncertainty calculation. The result of the equation enables the choice of the coverage factor k. With the aid of the coverage factor it is possible to calculate the expanded measurement uncertainty from the combined measurement uncertainty.   See JCGM 100
      or
      DAkkS-DKD-3
      X
           
           
      Y
      Y-circuit
      Circuit for implementation of a comparison measurement on high-voltage systems    
      Z



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